This post existed in the long, long ago version of this website (roughly June, 2001). With javascript-in-wordpress now figured out to my satisfaction (starting page HERE), I’ve reposted this drum exercise for official linking at www.drumcontrol.com, a website started by Roy SeGuine that included several excellent exchanges between Roy and myself and, I’m pleased to report, does a far more thorough job than this little page below does at explaining the procedure (and dig that Classic Gold Sparkle Gretsch kit on the readme page).

This is the method presented by Terry Bozzio in many of his clinics. Once you can play all 15 measures above against ANY rhythm possible from repeated combinations of the above measures (so-called “ostinatos“), then you’ve played every sixteenth note-based subdivision possible. There are, of course, actually 16 measures, the first being the one with nothing played (the easiest to master for most rhythms). The importance of this null case will be important in later sections. Note that the above is for sixteenth notes in 1/4. The game is played differently for 1/4 with triplets, quintuplets, etc. The mechanism is the same, however. If you feel inclined, the other possible combinations are easy to write down using the Pascal Triangle to keep track.

How to use…

Here’s an easy coordination exercise sure to frustrate. Pick 3 limbs (or 4, if you want to use your voice as another instrument). Assign each of those limbs to a particular measure in the above list. Get that rhythm playing so you have some idea of what it will sound like and to try to internalize it for the next step. Finally, with the unselected limb, play through all 15 measures above (or 16, though you’ll have played the null case to death getting the feel for the rhythm). Don’t try to play through the exercise until you’ve internalized where the notes of every measure fall in the rhythm you’re holding steady with the other limbs. That’s the point of an ostinato. The rhythm over which you solo should be fixed and unwavering and something playable in your sleep. Soloing is secondary to locking down the groove.

Once you’ve played through all 15 (err… 16) measures, either make the “soloing” limb a fixed limb and solo with something else (a killer exercise for getting your hi-hat foot conditioned, for instance) or select another set of measures to hold constant and play the same 15 (err… 16) measures over that new rhythm.

A note to the ambitious: You’ve 16 measures to pick from and 3 (or 4) limbs to make rhythms out of. Therefore, the possible number of rhythms you can generate from the above are, including the null case, (16) x (16) x (16), or 4096. A lot of rhythms to try. Throw in a fifth soloing limb (your voice, for instance), and the number of possible “fixed” combinations to play against goes up to (4096) x (16), or 65536. Granted, some of these are quarter notes and the like and are easy to play, but many are completely uncharted (so to speak).

If you don’t feel like thinking up the combinations yourself, here’s a little script to get you started.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript
www.wordpress.org
codex.wordpress.org/Using_Javascript
www.drumcontrol.com
www.usatt.org/rseguine/drumcontrol/readme.html
www.terrybozzio.com
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostinato
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_triangle

As first appeared in the July 2009 edition of the Syracuse Astronomical Society newsletter The Astronomical Chronicle (PDF).

Constellation Map generated with Starry Night Pro 6.

In all my many years on this planet, I’ve met several people who were born between mid-January and mid-February, but I’ve never met anyone who described themselves as a Capricorn (of course, I don’t walk around calling myself a Cancer, either).  Capricornus is the second dimmest Constellation in the Zodiac (after, you guessed it, Cancer) and, generally, there is precious little within it that an amateur astronomer would find of any interest.

“You’re not selling me on this article,” you’re saying.

During August, Capricornus is playing host to a special object in the Night Sky.  Jupiter, in its saturnian motion along the ecliptic, is presently (as of this writing) just at the fishy tail of one of the Constellations known for its crazy genes (with its neighbor, Sagittarius, discussed in last month’s installment).  Despite the seemingly small distance it has to travel before hitting the Western boundary of the tail (on the left-hand side of the image above), Jupiter will remain in Capricornus until January of 2010 and, for those of us viewing at Darling Hill, it will remain visible in the early evening sky until mid-November (perhaps for our last official viewing session of 2009).

Your scope or big binoculars will already be pointed at Capricornus for any Jupiter viewing for the near future, so you might as well give your finder scope a bit more of a workout and try to find the few, but not insignificant, objects in this mild-mannered Constellation.  The only Messier Object, M30, is at lower left, a globular cluster roughly 26,000 light years from Earth.  Just to the lower-right of Phi Capricornus (the star at the middle of the curled tail in the image above) is the yellow dwarf HD202206, one of the increasingly large family of stars known to host an extrasolar planet.  Alpha Capri (upper right) is an optical binary that may be separable in your eyepiece, while Beta Capri is a visual binary with a nice orange/blue color contrast.  Palomar 12 is a star cluster dim enough that reports at cloudynights.com indicate something bigger than a 13” scope is required to see it.  If you can see the triangle of stars, you’re looking right at this small object.  While several galaxies lie in this Constellation, their surface brightness is low enough that you’ll need time or long exposures to find them.

And for those of you with an interest in the history of this and other far-out Constellations, check out the PDF article linked HERE.

You dig?
Damian

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capricornus
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiac
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_(constellation)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_Object
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_30
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_202206
www.cloudynights.com/item.php?item_id=1700
articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?db_key=AST…=Send+PDF&filetype=.pdf

A repost of the original at the Syracuse Astronomical Society website.

Greetings Fellow Astrophiles!

As much as I enjoy the outdoors, I do hate the heat. This is why I try to get as many viewing sessions in as possible during the Summer and stay inside otherwise. We remain optimistic for a clear viewing session this coming weekend with some planet-searching to boöt(es)!

Perseid Update: What Was…

A small group of new and old members opened Darling Hill Observatory (DHO) at 8:00 pm on August 11th for the Perseids. This year, the evening/morning of 11/12 was predicted to be the peak for night viewing (the actual peak occurred during the day, but that big bright ball occasionally over Syracuse takes care of any daytime viewing). The evening also offered an early view of Jupiter and a good later (approaching midnight) view of the Moon through the 16″ Cave. The sky was 1/3 clouded over, but the clouds were localized with large open patches of what made for perfect viewing…

…of things that were NOT meteors. After 5 hours of viewing, I counted 3 total (one was quite impressive, the other two not so much). I suspect the tally among all visitors to DHO would have fit comfortably on two hands.

While out near downtown Syracuse on the 12th, a night so cloudy that Jupiter itself was obscured to the point of being completely unidentifiable, I counted 11 meteors between 10:30 and 11:30 p.m. before clouds devoured the entire Night Sky. Go figure.

Viewing Update: What We Hope Will Be…

This weekend is shaping up to be a well-attended Public Viewing session in lieu of an official Summer Seminar (see last month’s newsletter for more information), with several emails from individuals and small groups already exchanged. Jupiter will be a primary focus for the 16″ Cave for the visitors, but we also have Neptune just at the far edge of the border for the Constellation Capricornus that we can see as a dim blue sphere through most of the large scopes on the Hill. Uranus, closer to us than Neptune by nearly 10 Astronomical Units, will rise later in the evening and will, weather permitting, be an additional target for the evening.

The alignment of Uranus, Neptune, and Jupiter along the ecliptic in Aquarius and Capricornus at midnight on August 21. The image width represents (roughly) a pinky and thumb extended at arms length.

And, for viewing of another kind, I have word from Peter Plumley, Exhibits Project Manager at the MOST, that they are working on the Space Science Series Lectures for the 2009-2010 season. With luck, we’ll have a schedule in time for the September newsletter.

News From The SAS Website

If you’ve not seen it yet, the link to the facebook page for the SAS is on the front of the website. We’ve already 8 members and are starting the process of committing content to the facebook page (well, at least, directing people to the Newsletter and Observing Information). The Directions page on the website has also been brought up to modern day with the inclusion of a google map of Darling Hill Observatory, complete with a satellite view of the grounds and a drive-able map for those looking for better directions than can be had over the phone during a poor-connection cell phone session.

Darling Hill Observatory, now on google maps (someone missed a branch on the driveway during the clean-up)

If you click on the “Ter” button (terrain), you’ll note that DHO is at approximately 1700 ft, a number that only becomes large when you drive from Syracuse in jeans and a T-shirt at 9 pm and find yourself huddled next to a space heater at 10 pm.

Everything Must Go (To The Observatory)!

A repost: I was forwarded the following list from SAS member Lee Polikoff, who is selling quite the considerable astronomy rig. The complete set, for which he is looking for $900 (but, of course, contact him if you want to spend much much more (or, well, ask him about the other direction as well), is as folllows:

* Celestar 8 Deluxe (8″ Celestron Faststar compatable OTA (some small scratches on the OTA finish). Mount has the Easy Latitude Adjustment kit. Mount has been retrofitted with the updated PEC correction chip from Celestron)
* Telrad finder
* Celestron Standard 9 x 50 Finder
* Celestron f6.3 Focal Reducer/Corrector
* 40 mm Pro-Optic Plossel
* 25 mm Pro-Optic Plossel
* 17 mm Pro-Optic Plossel
* 10 mm Pro-Optic Plossel
* Meade SLR Variable Tele-extender
* Meade #122 2X Telenegative Barlow
* Meade Series 4000 Filter #21 (orange) and #56 (green)
* Pro-Optic Moon Filter
* Celestron #18773 Power Connector (to run the scopes drives from AC if desired)
* A really long Cigarette power adapter (to run the drives from a car or portable battery pack if desired)
* Orion Flexishield – Dew and Sun Shade
* 8″ homemade Solar filter
* 1 extra axis motor (RA)

He can be reached at lee.polikoff@verizon.net

New Book: Robert Piekiel’s “Collimating Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescopes”

Those with a S.C.T. S.O.S. will find B.B.P.’s (“Barefoot” Bob Piekiel’s) brand new book A.O.K.

We were very fortunate to have Bob as our presenter for last year’s Summer Seminar, where I not only picked up a CD copy of “Celestron: The Early Years” (1800 pages (!) and, BY FAR, the most well-researched astronomy book I’ve ever seen. Anyone wanting to know how modern amateur astronomy was even possible with the advent of modern manufacturing techniques are well-advised to give this digital manuscript a proper spooling up in a computer and see photos and diagrams of what is truly a modern hobby. Telescope-based amateur astronomy was the hobby of only wealth and royalty not 100 years ago) but also picked up a fresh-off-the-press copy of “Testing and Evaluating the Optics of SCTs.” Full-disclosure: I own a mild-mannered Newtonian (a hand-built 6″ form Stu Forster at that) and not a CST, but am just as interested in HOW the equipment we use works as I am WHAT we use it for (we all tend to take modern technology for granted, complaining when a computer crashes but never staring in amazement at the box that such complexity works so reliably at all!). Bob presented on SCTs (in case you missed it, SCT = Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope) and treated several of us to special one-on-one optics testing of our own scopes with the equipment he brought with him.

The new book is now 20 minutes out of its shipping envelop and so I’ve no thorough review to report, but I have thumbed through it and find the same meticulous attention to detail as his “Testing and Evaluating” book (frankly, it is worth it alone for the many, many pictures of the insides of CSTs, pictures of what you actually see when the collimation is good and, well, not so good (and I’m sure he spent considerable time trying to get the images of CSTs gone bad given how collimated I suspect all of his scopes are)).

There will be a copy of the book available at Darling Hill for anyone’s perusing pleasure. For a few additional pictures and information on how to purchase this new book (and the two previous), check out the cloudynights.com link at:

www.cloudynights.com/classifieds/showproduct.php?product=20806&sort=&cat=11&page=1

Averted Vision – Friend or Fovea?

On any given night at Darling Hill, you might hear someone say “OK, now look right where the laser is pointing. Now, look a little to the left or right and the fuzzy patch will stand out a bit more. That’s what we call using averted vision.”

Where the magic happens. From wikipedia.org

Yes, either when viewing with your most important pair of binoculars (the 1 x 6-7 mm pair sitting just under your frontal lobe) or even when using the largest scopes one might find at the observatory, your best chance at seeing something that you might not think is actually there is best performed by not looking right at it.

I thought it finally worth taking a moment to explain what, exactly, is going on in your noggin’ as you’re sloggin’ away at your Deep Sky Object loggin’. You’ll be pleased to know that what’s happening is a remarkable bit of physiology.

The image below shows the density of rods (the cells you see in greyscale with) and cones (those you use for color) in your retina. Your rods only work in black-and-white, so you only see when light is bright or dim (or not at all). Your cones are very densely packed at the fovea (the point on your retina where light from your lens is focused) and fall off rapidly away from it. As a result, your peripheral vision is actually greyscale although you don’t know it (and, when you go to look to where your peripheral vision is seeing something, you’re projecting that object onto your cone-filled fovea, so it’s color again. Go ahead and try, but sit down first in case you make yourself dizzy).

What you don’t see when you see – a map of the density of rods and cones on your retina. The optic disk is the location of your “blind spot.” Your fovea is where your cone (color) vision is best. Your rod peaks (20 degrees to either side or so) are the densest locations of maximum greyscale perception.

When we tell you to “look a little to the right or left of an object,” what we’re doing is watching which way you move your eyes to determine your political leaning (I’ve seen John McMahon’s and Ray Dague’s irises disappear in completely opposite directions doing this).

The other thing that happens is that the light from the fuzzy thing we are telling you to look at is now being projected into the densest part of your rods, those cells best at discriminating light and dark. As a result, you detect detail in an object your cones (because they are responsible for color and, therefore, not nearly as sensitive to light/dark differences) might not have been able to pick up at all.

This is not only a naked eye trick of the trade. Even in our 16″ Cave Scope, the dark bands of the Andromeda or Whirlpool galaxies stand out more using averted vision in the eyepiece.

While the physiology of peripheral vision was not to come for another two millennia, it is reported that Aristotle himself made record of his use of averted vision to observe M41, an open cluster in Canis Major (see THIS LINK for more information and the reference for the original article).

Hope that all sheds a little light on the subject.

Space is the place,
Damian Allis, Ph.D.
sas@somewhereville.com

Links Used Above (Subject To Web Changes)

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boötes
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseid
www.syracuse.ny.us
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor#Meteor
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capricornus
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_(constellation)
www.most.org
www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=100618404233
maps.google.com
www.astromart.com/classifieds/details.asp?classified_id=538064
www.astromart.com/classifieds/details.asp?classified_id=587125
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonian_telescope
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt-Cassegrain_Telescope
www.cloudynights.com
www.cloudynights.com/classifieds/showproduct.php?product=20806&sort=&cat=11&page=1
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averted_vision
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binoculars
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_cell
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_cell
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fovea
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_galaxy
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Galaxy
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_41
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis_Major
www.seds.org/messier/more/m041_ari.html